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大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展—
https://doi.org/10.34577/00002421
https://doi.org/10.34577/000024217f532279-f9f4-4dbe-ba02-d035bd4c5be6
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展— (596.1 kB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 公開日 | 2014-06-20 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | 大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展— | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Governing Dual-Use Weapons of Mass Destruction: Development of the Biological Weapons Convention | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
| ID登録 | ||||||
| ID登録 | 10.34577/00002421 | |||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||
| アクセス権 | open access | |||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||
| 著者 |
田中, 極子
× 田中, 極子 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | Traditionally, the term “dual-use” was simply discussed in terms of military versus civilian uses. However, dual-use problems are not limited to military uses today; rather, materials, hardware, and knowledge that have peaceful applications can always be exploited to harm humans, animals, plants, and the environment in many different ways. Therefore, reframing the idea of “dual use” in terms of “legitimate versus illegitimate” or “lawful versus unlawful” uses highlights the ethical question at the heart of this problem, namely how a technology is used rather than the technology itself. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the multilateral legal frameworks that have been set up to regulate illegitimate or unlawful uses of technologies related to weapons of mass destruction, that is, nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, in response to current dual-use issues. It focuses on the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) because current scientific and technological developments in the life sciences are giving rise to unforeseen dual-use threats to our lives. The first part of the paper examines the objectives and functions of the BWC and CWC. It compares their verification mechanisms, implementation organs, and review processes for scientific and technological developments, which have all been considered as means to help ensure the compliance of states that are parties to these conventions. Although the BWC and CWC are often regarded as similar frameworks, the comparison finds that their functions are in fact very different. Whereas the CWC is a hard regime with very precise rules and regulations, the BWC is a soft regime that sets only a normative standard without any rules. The second part of the paper explores further the BWC as a soft regime, examining current developments in the BWC’s response to dual-use challenges. It assesses the outcomes of the seventh review conference of the BWC held in 2011, which focused on strengthening the BWC’s effectiveness by emphasizing the importance of keeping abreast of scientific and technological developments and of involving all stakeholders, including government ministries, industry, research institutions, academia, funding bodies, scientific journals, and scientific societies. In conclusion, the paper argues that the ethical question raised by dual-use issues cannot be resolved by a simple choice between hard or soft regimes; rather, a hybrid of the two approaches is required. It refers to the advances made by the BWC to emphasize the importance of a self-governing network of scientists and experts to respond to dual-use issues. |
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| 書誌情報 |
ja : 社会科学ジャーナル 号 77, p. 53-77, 発行日 2014-03-31 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | 国際基督教大学 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| ISSN | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | 04542134 | |||||
