{"created":"2023-05-15T09:31:12.529722+00:00","id":2449,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"050dffd9-1d6e-4f19-830c-f94e123d71d4"},"_deposit":{"created_by":14,"id":"2449","owners":[14],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2449"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002449","sets":["12:26:19:303"]},"author_link":["3851"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2014-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"77","bibliographicPageEnd":"77","bibliographicPageStart":"53","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"社会科学ジャーナル","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Traditionally, the term “dual-use” was simply discussed in terms of military\nversus civilian uses. However, dual-use problems are not limited to military uses\ntoday; rather, materials, hardware, and knowledge that have peaceful applications\ncan always be exploited to harm humans, animals, plants, and the environment\nin many different ways. Therefore, reframing the idea of “dual use” in terms of\n“legitimate versus illegitimate” or “lawful versus unlawful” uses highlights the\nethical question at the heart of this problem, namely how a technology is used\nrather than the technology itself.\nThis paper analyzes the effectiveness of the multilateral legal frameworks\nthat have been set up to regulate illegitimate or unlawful uses of technologies\nrelated to weapons of mass destruction, that is, nuclear, biological, and\nchemical weapons, in response to current dual-use issues. It focuses on the\n1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons\nConvention (CWC) because current scientific and technological developments in\nthe life sciences are giving rise to unforeseen dual-use threats to our lives.\nThe first part of the paper examines the objectives and functions of the BWC\nand CWC. It compares their verification mechanisms, implementation organs,\nand review processes for scientific and technological developments, which have\nall been considered as means to help ensure the compliance of states that are\nparties to these conventions. Although the BWC and CWC are often regarded\nas similar frameworks, the comparison finds that their functions are in fact\nvery different. Whereas the CWC is a hard regime with very precise rules and\nregulations, the BWC is a soft regime that sets only a normative standard without\nany rules.\nThe second part of the paper explores further the BWC as a soft regime,\nexamining current developments in the BWC’s response to dual-use challenges. It\nassesses the outcomes of the seventh review conference of the BWC held in 2011,\nwhich focused on strengthening the BWC’s effectiveness by emphasizing the\nimportance of keeping abreast of scientific and technological developments and\nof involving all stakeholders, including government ministries, industry, research\ninstitutions, academia, funding bodies, scientific journals, and scientific societies.\nIn conclusion, the paper argues that the ethical question raised by dual-use issues\ncannot be resolved by a simple choice between hard or soft regimes; rather, a\nhybrid of the two approaches is required. It refers to the advances made by the\nBWC to emphasize the importance of a self-governing network of scientists and\nexperts to respond to dual-use issues.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.34577/00002421","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"国際基督教大学","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"04542134","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"田中, 極子","creatorNameLang":"ja"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"3851","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2014-06-20"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"3-田中ICU77本文.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"596.1 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展—","url":"https://icu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2449/files/3-田中ICU77本文.pdf"},"version_id":"3c2dd126-94d6-43e3-9553-ddd886235a30"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展—","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展—","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"Governing Dual-Use Weapons of Mass Destruction: Development of the Biological Weapons Convention","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"14","path":["303"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2014-06-20"},"publish_date":"2014-06-20","publish_status":"0","recid":"2449","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["大量破壊兵器のデュアル・ユース性管理 —生物兵器禁止条約における発展—"],"weko_creator_id":"14","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-10-04T02:07:45.726948+00:00"}