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現代社会における合意形成の困難 —リスクに関する諸理論を参照して
https://doi.org/10.34577/00004294
https://doi.org/10.34577/000042945a05577e-a075-4663-81a1-7068ac4e2721
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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現代社会における合意形成の困難 —リスクに関する諸理論を参照して (1.1 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||
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| 公開日 | 2018-04-11 | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | 現代社会における合意形成の困難 —リスクに関する諸理論を参照して | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| タイトル | ||||||
| タイトル | Difficulties of Consensus Building in the Contemporary Society: Referring to Theories on Risks | |||||
| 言語 | en | |||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||
| ID登録 | ||||||
| ID登録 | 10.34577/00004294 | |||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||
| アクセス権 | ||||||
| アクセス権 | open access | |||||
| アクセス権URI | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |||||
| 著者 |
萩原, 優騎
× 萩原, 優騎 |
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| 抄録 | ||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
| 内容記述 | It is difficult to share values and aims in the contemporary society, which is a background of the difficulties of consensus building. The purpose of this paper is to consider the location of problems concerning the difficulties by referring to previous researches on risks. Theories of Ulrich Beck, Slavoj Žižek and Niklas Luhmann will mainly be focused on. Beck is well known to his theory of risk society. He says that expert knowledge is necessary to recognize risks in the contemporary situation, which is a result of the radicalization of modernity. A main character of a risk society is uncertainty. For example, not only the lay but also experts cannot predict the effects of the problems caused by science and technology such as environmental problems. People share anxiety and seek safety, but it will not motivate them to change the situation because their main interest is to avoid the worst. Moreover, the more the situation becomes serious, the more they will be faced with what they do not know. In spite of this paradoxical matter, they have to make a decision to avoid the worst. Žižek’s thought is based on Lacanian psychoanalysis. He tries to explain where the problems are in a risk society from the view of the structure of the psychoanalytic subject. The imaginary is stable as long as the symbolic order works well. However, this function tends to become unstable in the contemporary situation. Traditional values and ethics are not self-evident today because of the rapid development of science and technology. Ethics committees are organized every time problems occur, but they cannot recover the obviousness of social values. The disintegration of the symbolic order is a result of the radicalization of reflexivity. The obviousness relies on non-reflexive acceptance of the symbolic institution. Luhmann distinguishes risks from dangers. Risks are the losses which are recognized as the results of decisions, and dangers are the ones which are recognized as what are provided from the outside. There is a gulf between risks and dangers, in other words, between the decision makers and those affected. For example, the decision makers may communicate with those affected. Even if they succeed in building a consensus as a result of this communication, the structure of the conflicts among them itself continues to exist in the concerned society. It is usually said that communication, participation, ethics, and so on are important elements when they try to build a consensus, but none of them can bridge the gap. Obviously these three theories have different premises and major concerns, though all of them try to analyze the problems of consensus building. It will be difficult to bridge among them, but comparing their premises and major concerns is significant. Their characters and efficiency are clarified to some degree through this research. Knowing characters and efficiency of some theories is necessary in approaching complex problems in the contemporary risk society, because examining the various aspects is a key to grasp the entire image even if it may be tentative. |
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| 言語 | en | |||||
| 書誌情報 |
ja : 社会科学ジャーナル 号 85, p. 23-43, 発行日 2018-03-31 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||
| 出版者 | 国際基督教大学 | |||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||
| ISSN | ||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||
| 収録物識別子 | 04542134 | |||||
