{"created":"2023-05-15T09:29:59.211596+00:00","id":861,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"bf73803e-c64a-49eb-97d8-4f3b9d204aa7"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"861","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"861"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000861","sets":["12:2:10:104"]},"author_link":["7145","1343","1344"],"item_1_alternative_title_5":{"attribute_name":"論文名よみ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"A STUDY OF THE JAPANESE COMMUNICATION STYLE : Some Cross-cultural Insights into ma"}]},"item_1_biblio_info_14":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1987-03-31","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"29","bibliographicPageEnd":"211","bibliographicPageStart":"193","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究"},{"bibliographic_title":"Educational Studies","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_1_creator_6":{"attribute_name":"著者名(日)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sasaki, Teruyoshi"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"7145","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_1_creator_7":{"attribute_name":"著者名よみ","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"ササキ, テルヨシ"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"1343","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_1_creator_8":{"attribute_name":"著者名(英)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Sasaki, Teruyoshi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"1344","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_1_description_1":{"attribute_name":"ページ属性","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"P(論文)","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_12":{"attribute_name":"抄録(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The paper attempts to clarify the concept of ma in Japanese communication style which often appears to be ambiguous to Westerners, and thus, causes misunderstanding. Ma is defined as a harmonious and effective communication device in which all kinds of nonverbal elements as well as verbal messages (usually indirect) are employed. With the clarification of the concept, the author explained the principle difference in communication style between the East and the West. The difference could be summarized as follows: Because of the use of ma, Japanese communication 1) involves space 2) takes time in order to involve all participants 3) aims at harmony 4) allows ambiguity 5) incorporates nonverbal behavior 6) employs indirect verbal expression In order for this type of communication to be successful, listeners should possess the ability of sasshi (sensitivity) so that they may comprehend meaningful cues reflected through ma accurately. This interesting subject of sasshi has much to do with the concept of ma in that both are like wheels of a chariot. The absence of either one would disturb communication in Japan. If speakers send messages too directly, they will probably insult listeners. On the other hand, the lack of sasshi by listeners will create frustration for the speakers. The clarification of the communication style between the East and the West poses a creative problem, that is, how can both achieve effective communication? The author presented Zen and General Semantics as the meeting point. That is, although the approach is different, both schools of thought try to understand level 4 of consciousness in Johnson's model. Westerners put their emphasis on words, while Easterners direct their attention to nonverbal cues in communication. These two different approaches, namely, verbal approach/nonverbal approach or direct approach/indirect approach have their own merits which in some cases function well and in other cases not. In order to be a good communicator, on both the intra- and inter-cultural levels, East and West should learn from one another. The we will be able to manage two different types of communication skills by careful observation of a situation.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.34577/00000847","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_1_source_id_13":{"attribute_name":"雑誌書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN0008887X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_1_text_2":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"研究論文"}]},"item_1_text_3":{"attribute_name":"記事種別(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Article"}]},"item_1_text_9":{"attribute_name":"著者所属(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"国際基督教大学"}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"1987-03-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KJ00005608745.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.2 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":" A STUDY OF THE JAPANESE COMMUNICATION STYLE : Some Cross-cultural Insights into ma ","url":"https://icu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/861/files/KJ00005608745.pdf"},"version_id":"a835b2d6-0b67-49e3-953f-6d3159e055cb"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"A STUDY OF THE JAPANESE COMMUNICATION STYLE : Some Cross-cultural Insights into ma","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"A STUDY OF THE JAPANESE COMMUNICATION STYLE : Some Cross-cultural Insights into ma","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"1","owner":"3","path":["104"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"1987-03-01"},"publish_date":"1987-03-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"861","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["A STUDY OF THE JAPANESE COMMUNICATION STYLE : Some Cross-cultural Insights into ma"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-09-25T06:04:22.804764+00:00"}