@article{oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000061,
 author = {Kurniawati, Elisabeth Penti and Kurniawan, Even Yunika and Kristiani, Mira},
 issue = {76},
 journal = {社会科学ジャーナル},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Accounting information is an important element for a business which
is useful for business decision making and performance assessment. The
accounting information is resulted from financial reporting process. However
based on previous researches, not all SMEs apply accounting and do financial
reporting in their business. Then how SMEs get accounting information and
manage their business? This research will explain what kind of accounting
information owned by SMEs and how they use it for business decision making
and performance assessment.
Data taken in this research were from 75 SME using convenience sampling
method. Data were gathered through interview and questionnaire to the manager
of SMEs in Central Java, Indonesia. The analysis technique is descriptive
quantitative analysis technique.
The results of this study explains that the accounting information which
owned by SMEs in the form of documents, records, and reports. They have
purchase and sale receipt as their document, they have record of cash inflows/
outflows and sales also they have simple operational reports, only few of them
made financial statement. The results showed that most of SMEs only have
cash inflows/ outflows report, it means that they can get information about
Accounting Information For Business Decision Making And Performance
Assessment In Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
94
cash availability that usually provided by Statement of Cash Flows. However
the results showed that most of SMEs do not have Income Statement, Balance
Sheet, and Statement of Changes in Equity, but they can get accounting
information for daily business management. Based on the research, SMEs
which do not have Income Statement, they get information of profit from
record of sales in comparison with record of expenses, including purchases.
Some of SMEs which have only cash transaction they estimate the profit from
record of receipts in comparison with record of disbursements. SMEs which
do not have Balance Sheet, they get information of asset from record of cash
flows, inventory and list of equipment, they also get information of liabilities
from record of account payables and bank loan document. SMEs which do not
have Statement of Changes in Equity, they estimate the increased equity by
increased cash, inventory, equipment, as long as there is no difficulty to pay
their liabilities. The accounting information owned by SMEs can be classified
as statutory accounting information, budgetary information and additional
accounting information.
The results showed that SMEs use both, written information and unwritten
information for business decision making and performance assessment. They
use their memories, estimation and third party information they earn from the
market, their suppliers and customers as unwritten information. Managers of
SME also have other benchmarks to help them in assessing performance, such as
increased of their equipment and supplies, their ability to pay debt, increased of
their investment, production, and purchasing. Performance assessment in SMEs
is not only measured by the financial side, but also the non-financial side, such
as increased customer, fulfillment their own target/capacity, increased number of
employees, increased owner welfare, customer satisfaction which is measured
by increased repeating customer, increased employee benefits and employee’s
performance which is measured by their attendance.
Most of the SMEs do not apply double entry bookkeeping, therefore this
study suggests recommends some simple basic records that must be owned
by the SMEs in the form of a simple single entry bookkeeping in accordance
95 with their own account. SMEs must have at least seven accounts as their
business records: (1) cash inflows/ outflows, (2) sales, (3) expenses including
purchases, (4) inventory, (5) account payables, (6) account receivables, (7) list
of equipment, accompanied with estimation of depreciation expenses. Record
of customer order is additional record which is important for planning and
production or service schedules.},
 pages = {67--95},
 title = {Accounting Information for Business Decision Making and Performance Assessment in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)},
 year = {2013}
}