@article{oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005382,
 author = {謝, 銀萍},
 issue = {53},
 journal = {ICU比較文化},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {This study examines the story of “Kappa” (1927) by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, a famous writer in Taisho-period. The subject of “Kappa” narrates his experience in the kappa world from the perspective of the mad protagonist No.23, thus satirizing the Japanese society at that time with the fictional kappa world. In terms of the related research, it can be divided into the following aspects. Firstly, based on the Japanese society at that time, this paper focuses on the social criticism of  Kappa”.Secondly, combined with the author’s own experiences, it discusses Akutagawa’s views on love and religion. Thirdly, it expounds the arrogant significance in the work. Since “Kappa” is very popular with modern readers, as opposed to the author's personal level, the significance of this novel for modern society is worth exploring. This paper focuses on the chapter eight which describes the book factory, and from a perspective of industrialization and humanity, how does Akutagawa describe the individual subjects in modern society? What is the enlightenment for modern society? In addition, why does the protagonist go mad? By discussing the above problems, this paper expounds the related problems of human survival revealed in “Kappa”.Firstly, this paper discusses the characteristics of “Kappa”, thus establishing its position in Akutagawa literature. Particularly in the latter part of the discussion, with Hutcheon's theory, it discusses the playful expression techniques, thus making it clear that “Kappa” reflects the Japanese society at that time.Chapter two and chapter three discuss in detail the description of the mechanized representative space book manufacturing factory in chapter eight. The large equipment in the factory and the rapidly running machines hinted at the rapid development of Japan's industrialization at that time. In particular, the contrast between the factory technicians and machines hints at a social reality that human labor is gradually replaced by machinery. However, the phenomenon that the production of books and other works of art is like the general raw material processing manufacturing industry implies the violence and desires of modern industrialization. At the same time, it also reflects the author's vigilance to the industrial progress which will replace the human imagination and creativity.The relationship between machines and humans implied in “Kappa” isreminiscent of the existence of artificial intelligence in modern society. Machines can replace not only human labor, but also human brains. At the time when the work was published, it was a fantasy, while in modern society, it comes to be a reality. Therefore, to some extent, “Kappa” has a prophetic nature towards the modern society.In chapter four, it discusses the essence of the unemployment problems inthe kappa society. In the kappa society, the law stipulated that the unemployed workers should be eaten as food. The fact of the commercialized body, which also exists in Japanese society, not only embodies the violence and cruelty of western culture, but also reflects the fundamental problems that the loss of human subjects will pose a threat to human survival. In addition, the punishment regulations in kappa society also reflect the hypocrisy of western modern rationalism.Finally, this paper discusses the relationship between the frenzy of theprotagonist of “Kappa”, namely the No.23 and the social industrialization. By analyzing the crazy reasons of the No.23 and his willingness to return to the kappa world, we can witness that the rapidly developing　industrialized society can pose a threat to the human survival forms. The frenzy of the No.23 can be attributed to the antagonism between human nature and industrialization, which is a question to the development of modern society, thus stimulating readers to ponder on the human survival forms under the industrialization development. The threat to human creativity embodied in the description of book factories, the commoditized body of the unemployed, the hypocrisy of modern rationalism exposed by the penal systems, and the loss of human subjects implied by the frenzy of the No.23 are all fundamental problems about human survival in the industrialized society. In “Kappa”, Akutagawa’s reflections on the modern Japanese society are not only enlightening but also alarming in modern society.},
 pages = {31--57},
 title = {「河童」論  : <産業化と人間性>をめぐって},
 year = {2021}
}