@article{oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005125,
 author = {小畑, 敦嗣},
 issue = {52},
 journal = {ICU比較文化, ICU Comparative Culture},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {This paper aims to analyze Hume's four essays on happiness in Essays Morals, Political, and Literary. The titles of these four essays are named after the ancient philosophical schools, 'The Epicurean', 'The Stoic', 'The Platonist', and 'The Sceptic'. They focus on the condition of human happiness. This paper considers the relationship between Hume and ancient Hellenistic philosophy through the analysis of these essays.
   First, as a background, in the eighteenth-century British intellectual milieu, philosophers were apt to call their positions or those of their opponents by the name of ancient Hellenistic schools. In this context, Hume tends to show his antipathy to the Stoic school, and so he is generally thought to be an Epicurean, while his ancestor and rival Francis Hutcheson brought a kind of 'Christian Stoicism' into fashion. This paper treats the problem whether Hume spoke for Epicureanism when analyzing Hume's essays named after ancient Hellenistic schools.
   The composition of four essays on happiness takes a form of the first-person monologue in personification. Hume recommends readers to read them together, and so these essays can be read as a sort of dialogue among personified speakers.
   So far, it seemed to be thought that Hume speaks for the Sceptic because this essay is longest and has a different way of speaking than the other three essays. However, Hume presents the way of tranquilization of our passions in our reading texts by placing opposite characters in proper contrast. Followed this way, Hume's four essays should be read in a dialogic way, in other words, the exercise of contrasting these opposite characters from a comprehensive viewpoint.
   As an example, Matthew Walker tried to reconcile the Stoic and the Sceptic by his exact reading of Hume's essays. According to him, Hume accepts both views partially, because his 'sceptical' pluralism about the character of the happiest life does not conflict with his advocacy of the supreme happiness of the true philosopher. In the same way, this paper showed that Hume does not completely speak for the Epicurean and tries to reconcile the Epicurean and the Stoic. This is because, although Hume indeed adopts the Epicurean way of explaining the origin of justice and the natural environment surrounding us, he simultaneously admits the holistic character of justice, to which the Stoic subscribes.},
 pages = {1--34},
 title = {ヒュームの「幸福についての四論文」 : 古代ヘレニズム思想との対話},
 year = {2020}
}