@article{oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00004099,
 author = {青砥, 吉隆},
 issue = {46},
 journal = {ICU比較文化},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This study aims to highlight an aspect of the Apollo Program that has rarely
been studied. The space program was a realistic answer to the very American
question: “how should the United States commit to the rest of the world?”
Through analyzing two speeches made by President Kennedy regarding sending
astronauts to the moon, the author tries to illustrate the untold purpose of the
space program and the way in which the president convinced Congress and
American people.
On May 25, 1961, Kennedy made a speech titled “the Special Message to
the Congress on Urgent National Needs” in order to start up a space program
that aimed to send men to the moon and return them safely to Earth. Kennedy
declared the “Freedom Doctrine” in this speech. By claiming that American
strength and conviction imposed upon the nation the role of leader in freedom’s
cause, the president sought to persuade Congress to approve the program. He
was firmly convinced that the Soviet supremacy in space, such as Sputnik-1 and
the first manned flight by Gagarin, had greatly weakened the United States inforeign affairs. America must have achieved a prominent victory in space in order
to win the battle on Earth between “Freedom and Tyranny.”
In a speech at Rice University on September 12, 1962, Kennedy stated that
the United States should have a leading role in science and technology, and
emphasized that the nation must win the space race by being “first.” He believed
that science and technology, as well as Freedom, were aspects of Americannational identity. In addition, the president mentioned that it was difficult to keep
space peaceful unless the United States won the race against the Soviet Union.
To be the first nation to land men on the moon meant not only preventing the
Russians from extending their power in space, but also showing off their ability
to lead the world in every way.
Freedom and scientific technologies, the national identity of the United
States, were severely threatened in the early 1960s because of the overwhelming
superiority of the Soviet Union in space achievement. Under these very harsh
circumstances, the United States regarded their rival as a formidable challenge to
the American raison d’être as the world’s most advanced country. By spending 24
billion dollars and successfully conducting the space program, the United States
tried to restore their image as the world’s leader in freedom’s cause and scientific
technologies. As Kennedy himself articulated, the Apollo Program was an “act of
faith and vision.”},
 pages = {47--63},
 title = {信念とヴィジョンの証 —ケネディ大統領による二つの「月」演説の分析—},
 year = {2014}
}