@article{oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002672,
 author = {Homan, Robert M.},
 journal = {語学研究, ICU Language Research Bulletin},
 month = {},
 note = {Online learning is an area that has expanded greatly over the past few years. Many
teachers and universities are considering how to best provide their learners with
quality online lessons. However, creating an online course is not quite as simple
as taking classroom materials and uploading them on a classroom management
system. There are several issues for consideration when designing a course: for
example, issues of learner styles, motivation, and feedback. This paper looks at
these issues in light of the relatively new concept of “gamification.” Gamification,
quite simply, is taking elements of games and introducing them into non-game
situations. While the idea of using games in the classroom has been with us as
long as teachers have been teaching and students have been learning, it is still a
new phenomenon in turns of research into how game elements can be used in non-
game contexts. This article will introduce common game elements such as social
graphs, levels, points, quests, and avatars to provide examples that help to
illustrate how they can be built into an online course.},
 pages = {1--5},
 title = {The Role of Gamification in Designing an Online Course},
 volume = {27},
 year = {2013}
}