@article{oai:icu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002634,
 author = {Tollefson, James W.},
 journal = {語学研究, ICU Language Research Bulletin},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {Language teachers and language researchers have the most detailed
and reliable knowledge about language in society, yet in many
language-policy debates, teachers and researchers play only a
marginal role. Instead, public discussion of language is often
dominated by anecdote rather than research evidence, disorganized
analysis of language problems, and a disregard for the expertise of
language professionals. This paper proposes explanations for the
failure of language professionals to have impact on language policy by
focusing on the tension between two competing responsibilities of
language professionals: to develop theoretically sound understandings
of language in society, and to apply those understandings to the
solution of important language problems. It is argued that three
important factors affect language-policy debates: tension between the
“objectivity” of scientific research and the demands of social activism;
the role of “common sense” in policy discussion; and the failure of
language specialists to understand how to be effective in the rough-and-
tumble struggles of language politics.},
 pages = {1--10},
 title = {Scholarship and Activism on Language},
 volume = {22},
 year = {2008}
}